Revelation 14: The 144,000, 3 flying angels, 2 harvests

     Revelation’s Chapter 12 is an overview of the spiritual war in heaven and the battle between the dragon and the woman and her offspring. Chapter 13 is an overview of the anti-Christ (beast out of the sea) and the false prophet (beast out of the earth). 

     Chapter 14 is an overview of the final half of the Tribulation, also called the 3 ½ year Great Tribulation. Its three parts are about the 144,000’s victorious standing with the Lamb, the three angelic proclamations, and the two sickle harvests.  

 

¹ Then I looked, and behold, a Lamb standing on Mount Zion, and with Him one hundred and forty-four thousand, having His Father’s name written on their foreheads. ² And I heard a voice from heaven, like the voice of many waters, and like the voice of loud thunder. And I heard the sound of harpists playing their harps. ³ They sang as it were a new song before the throne, before the four living creatures, and the elders; and no one could learn that song except the hundred and forty-four thousand who were redeemed from the earth. ⁴ These are the ones who were not defiled with women, for they are virgins. These are the ones who follow the Lamb wherever He goes. These were redeemed from among men, being firstfruits to God and to the Lamb. ⁵ And in their mouth was found no deceit, for they are without fault before the throne of God.

 

Is this the same 144,000 as in Chapter 7? Some have questioned whether these are the same people mentioned in chapter seven (including Tim LaHaye). Others have questioned whether these are in heaven or still on earth. Zion is the hill just east of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem and is first mentioned as a stronghold taken by King David (2 Sam. 5:6-10). If this is the earthly Zion, then it must be a foreshadow as the Lamb of God will not come until the end of the Tribulation. When Christ returns, He will come and cause the Mount of Olives to split in two, falling to the north and south (Zechariah 14:4). 

However, in the New Testament, Mount Zion symbolizes heaven (Heb. 12:22), and it appears that following the resurrection of the two witnesses (Revelation 11), the 144,000 are also taken to heaven either through death or Rapture. If through Rapture, this is the firstfruits of the Jewish to God and to the Lamb.

There is a similarity in these who are taken to heaven and those who are in heaven in chapter 5. There is singing, harps, and redemption. The word “redeemed” means to buy in a marketplace (See 1 Corinthians 6:20, 7:23, and 2 Peter 2:1). Jesus bought us with the very price of His life, and it especially is significant that these 144,000 were purchased out of the Great Tribulation. They apparently did not believe until after the Rapture, but these Jewish men were among the firstfruits of the Tribulation, and perhaps were among the converts of the two witnesses, believed to be Elijah and Enoch.

They had been sealed during the first part of the Tribulation, but not for the entirety of it. They and other believers who are saved during the Tribulation will be blessed by coming out of the horrible events to come. A singular voice out of heaven which sounds like many waters has to be that of Jesus Christ (Revelation 1:15). 

While many will be redeemed out of the Tribulation (Revelation 7:9-14, a multitude no one could number), these 144,000 have special privileges, including singing a song that no one else could sing. While most commentators have said that these are not necessarily virgins, but rather faithful men, a literal reading of the text indicates just that, and even Paul attested to the fact that abstaining from marital and sexual distractions is favorable with the Lord’s soon return (1 Corinthians 7:29). That they are without deceit, guile or fault does not mean they were perfect, for they had apparently rejected Christ until the Rapture, but it means that they were morally without reproach before men and even before God, much like Job and Noah were deemed by God as morally impeccable. Obviously, they were not without sin at all, for none of humanity is (Romans 3:23).

⁶ Then I saw another angel flying in the midst of heaven, having the everlasting gospel to preach to those who dwell on the earth--to every nation, tribe, tongue, and people-- ⁷ saying with a loud voice, “Fear God and give glory to Him, for the hour of His judgment has come; and worship Him who made heaven and earth, the sea and springs of water.” ⁸ And another angel followed, saying, “Babylon is fallen, is fallen, that great city, because she has made all nations drink of the wine of the wrath of her fornication.” ⁹ Then a third angel followed them, saying with a loud voice, “If anyone worships the beast and his image, and receives his mark on his forehead or on his hand, ¹⁰ he himself shall also drink of the wine of the wrath of God, which is poured out full strength into the cup of His indignation. He shall be tormented with fire and brimstone in the presence of the holy angels and in the presence of the Lamb. ¹¹ And the smoke of their torment ascends forever and ever; and they have no rest day or night, who worship the beast and his image, and whoever receives the mark of his name.” ¹² Here is the patience of the saints; here are those who keep the commandments of God and the faith of Jesus. ¹³ Then I heard a voice from heaven saying to me, “Write: ‘Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from now on.’” “Yes,” says the Spirit, “that they may rest from their labors, and their works follow them.”

 

Another angel flying in heaven refers all the way back to Revelation 8:13, when an angel proclaimed the three woes upon the earth. This angel is the first of three angels proclaiming messages of salvation, destruction, and ultimately damnation if the inhabitants take the mark of the beast or worships him. If the 144,000 taken out of the earth leaves a void, it’s possible that God, in His immeasurable love, will send an angelic messenger to proclaim salvation and warnings. Others have theorized that the angels (Gr: aggelos aggelos) are messengers, possibly satellite broadcasts, sent around the world for all to receive. Either way, the earth is without excuse for not receiving salvation. The first message is the everlasting gospel or good news. The gospel has always been the same (Genesis 3:15; Romans 4:3). People will be saved the same way in the Tribulation, through faith, but it begins with the fear of God (verse 7). 

God created everything and is about to bring creation to a closing hour of judgment. Secondly, another angel warns of the fall of Babylon. This is not “that great city” of Babylon of old, for Isaiah 13:20 prophesies that that city will never be rebuilt again, at least not to its former grandeur. It is interesting to note that Saddam Hussein attempted to restore Babylon’s glory in the 1980s and he and the city’s rebuilding was put to a halt in the Gulf War in the 1990s and again in the Iraq war.

What is “Babylon”? It is a religious and political (the Greek word of city is polis  polis) system with both worship and economical effects around the world. There will be a one-world government, monetary system and religious system, centering in an area or city known for its fornication, which does not necessarily mean solely sexual immorality. It appears to be the fornication which causes people to fall away from God spiritually. Spiritual adultery is a far greater sin against God than marital infidelity, although today’s society is seeing an increase in both. The third message declares the assured judgment of God of those who worship the beast and his image, and the phrase “wine of the wrath” connects both God and the judgment of those who commit fornication with Babylon.

The wrath of God includes eternal fire and brimstone punishment. Many people will say that hell is the absence of God. Not true, as the Bible declares God is everywhere (Psalm 139:8), and even the Lamb is present in the unbelievers’ punishment. Hell is only the absence of God’s love but is the full presence of Him and His judgment. Heaven is the opposite. It is the presence of God’s mercy, but the absence of His righteous punishment of sin. However, the patient endurance of the saints to the end will result in everlasting life and rewards.

¹⁴ Then I looked, and behold, a white cloud, and on the cloud sat One like the Son of Man, having on His head a golden crown, and in His hand a sharp sickle. ¹⁵ And another angel came out of the temple, crying with a loud voice to Him who sat on the cloud, “Thrust in Your sickle and reap, for the time has come for You to reap, for the harvest of the earth is ripe.” ¹⁶ So He who sat on the cloud thrust in His sickle on the earth, and the earth was reaped. ¹⁷ Then another angel came out of the temple, which is in heaven, he also having a sharp sickle. ¹⁸ And another angel came out from the altar, who had power over fire, and he cried with a loud cry to him who had the sharp sickle, saying, “Thrust in your sharp sickle and gather the clusters of the vine of the earth, for her grapes are fully ripe.” ¹⁹ So the angel thrust his sickle into the earth and gathered the vine of the earth, and threw it into the great winepress of the wrath of God. ²⁰ And the winepress was trampled outside the city, and blood came out of the winepress, up to the horses’ bridles, for one thousand six hundred furlongs.

Christ talked about the end times being a time of harvest by the angels (Matthew 13:24-30). With Christ on the clouds with his golden crown and a sharp sickle, He first has a harvest of those who have been saved, a good and ripe harvest. The second harvest is one of judgment, filled with wrath. The blood coming up to the horse’s bridles for one thousand six hundred furlongs or about 180 miles refers likely symbolically to the massive distance in which tremendous bloodshed will take place from Megiddo on the north (Zechariah 12:11; Revelation 16:16) to Edom and Petra in the country of Jordan on the south (Isaiah 34:5-6; 63:1).

The Revelation of the False Prophet (Revelation 13b)

The first beast mentioned in Revelation 11:7 is Satan. The second beast seen in Revelation 13:1 is the anti-Christ, described by John F. Walvoord as a “world dictator”. In Revelation 13:11, we see the third beast, the false prophet who, like the anti-Christ, is a human, and together they will be thrown alive into the lake of fire (Revelation 19:20), where Satan will eventually also join them (Revelation 20:10). Walvoord says this regarding that verse:

                                                                                                                        

According to verse 7, the beast from the bottomless pit, which is none other than Satan himself, makes war against them and overcomes them and kills them. Of interest is the fact that this is the first of thirty-six references in Revelation to the beast (Gr., therion)… The beast out of the pit is Satan. The beast out of the sea is the world dictator (13:1). The beast out of the land is the false religious leader of that day (13:11). This unholy trinity is the satanic counterfeit of the divine Trinity, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. (For further discussion see exposition of 13:1-4; 17:7-8.) 

Though humans, both the second and third beast will personify the world’s political structure (the revived Roman Empire) and the ungodly religious structure

While the second beast, the anti-Christ, will have a political and a military hue, the third beast out of the earth; that is, the false prophet, will have a decidedly religious color. He will have spirits of demons coming out of his mouth, deceiving the world, working miracles, and causing the world to worship the anti-Christ and his image and even give animation to the image of the anti-Christ.

 

¹¹ Then I saw another beast coming up out of the earth, and he had two horns like a lamb and spoke like a dragon. ¹²And he exercises all the authority of the first beast in his presence and causes the earth and those who dwell in it to worship the first beast, whose deadly wound was healed. ¹³ He performs great signs, so that he even makes fire come down from heaven on the earth in the sight of men. ¹⁴ And he deceives those who dwell on the earth by those signs which he was granted to do in the sight of the beast, telling those who dwell on the earth to make an image to the beast who was wounded by the sword and lived. ¹⁵ He was granted power to give breath to the image of the beast, that the image of the beast should both speak and cause as many as would not worship the image of the beast to be killed.

 

Here is the false prophet, coming out of the earth; he is “another” beast, like the one which came up out of the sea. He will be a religious leader, like Christ (“like a lamb”), yet have the voice and teachings of Satan. He will be a wolf in sheep’s clothing. Like the two true witnesses, the false prophet will also have great powers, even calling down fire, so that perhaps those deceived will falsely think they are worshipping the true God. Verse 12 states that the first beast (that is, the first beast mentioned in chapter 13, the anti-Christ) will have a deadly wound that will be healed. The word wound is also translated at plague (plege) in 9:20; 11:6; 15:1, 6, 8; 16:9, 21; 18:4, 8; 21:9; 22:19. 

Verse 14 explains that such a wound will receive pneuma or also translated as spirit or breath. The word “image”, eikon, from which we get the word “icon” can also be translated as “statue” or likeness. However, it will be different than a mere statue or image. It will have pneuma and will be able to speak and even cause people not worshipping the image to be killed. Several verses state that both beast and image will be worshipped (14:9, 11, 16:2, 19:20, 20:4). 

 

¹⁶ He causes all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on their right hand or on their foreheads, ¹⁷ and that no one may buy or sell except one who has the mark or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. ¹⁸ Here is wisdom. Let him who has understanding calculate the number of the beast, for it is the number of a man: His number is 666.

 

There is a connection between the mark, the name of the beast and the number of his name (verse 17). “whoever receives the mark of his name” (14:11), “those who have the victory over the beast, over his image and over his mark and over the number of his name” (15:2).

Initially, the mark of the beast is economical, perhaps with an increasingly cashless society, counterfeit money, international banking, and more identity thefts, this is one sure way that people are correctly identified in regard to buying and selling. 

Quickly however, the mark turns into something more religious. An angel warns against worshipping the beast and receiving his mark (14:9, 11). Those receiving the mark were likely to also worship him and were punished with sores (16:2). Those who received the mark did so initially by deception (19:20). And eventually, those who do not receive the mark will be beheaded (20:4).

There are far too many calculations of the number to justify any further speculations. Since it was originally thought to be Caesar (but even then, you have to misspell his name or spell it “Neron Kaisar” in Hebrew), there are far too many ways to make any number of people’s names to equal 666. Since we know that the anti-Christ will not be revealed until after the Rapture, this wisdom and understanding is not for us to know but will be made evident when those who are left behind need to know.

Should we be afraid of technologies that allow chips to be implanted under our skin for identification? We should be aware that such technology is coming, and it should heighten our awareness that time is short. 

Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) sounds remarkably similar to giving pneuma to an icon. If such systems as implanted chips, vaccines to heal the wound/"plague", and artificially intelligent machines becomes mandatory and there are no options, then yes, it would be something that should be avoided. 

Again, we as current Christians will not be on earth at this time, but there are indications that those who are saved during the Tribulation might be able to lose our salvation, unlike now. Only those who "endure to the end", will be saved (Matthew 10:22, Mark 13:13). Revelation 2:10 encourages that being faithful until death will ensure the crown of life. However, the resistance of such technology by Christians is likely just why the true mark of the beast cannot be administered until the church is first “snatched away.”

The Revelation of the anti-Christ (Revelation 13a)

In a previous chapter, we have seen the first beast in Revelation 11:7, who is the dragon/Satan. Here, in chapter 13, the second and third beasts of the book of Revelation are presented (13:1-4 and 13:11). Satan was the star that fell out of heaven in Revelation 9:1, who opened the bottomless pit/abyss in 9:2, who is the king of the 200 million demons/locusts in Revelation 9:11. The second beast appears, at least from the perspective of John standing on the shore of the Mediterranean, to come up out of the sea. This “beast” is a human being, with a number of a man, but receiving power, kingdom and authority from Satan. The third beast comes from the earth or the land.

 

¹ Then I stood on the sand of the sea. And I saw a beast rising up out of the sea, having seven heads and ten horns, and on his horns ten crowns, and on his heads a blasphemous name. ² Now the beast which I saw was like a leopard, his feet were like the feet of a bear, and his mouth like the mouth of a lion. The dragon gave him his power, his throne, and great authority. ³ And I saw one of his heads as if it had been mortally wounded, and his deadly wound was healed. And all the world marveled and followed the beast.

 

Whether John, in his vision, is on Patmos or on the shore of Israel, it is not clear, but a beast appears to arise from out of the sea. This could mean that the beast will be Roman (see Revelation 17:9) or European, which is implied in Daniel 9:26 when it says he will be of the people who destroy Jerusalem. He even could be American, of European descent, with the appearance of arising out of the sea. The “beast” of the anti-Christ will be alive and likely an adult during the period just before the Rapture, and possibly already a political leader, known to those in the church. However, he will not be revealed until after the Rapture (2 Thess. 2:3), and even then, he will sign a covenant with many nations (Daniel 9:27).  He will be great in speech and appearance (Daniel 7:20), cunningly deceitful and outwardly peaceable (Daniel 11:21), a world leader, controlling its economy (Revelation 13:7, 16-17).

What are the seven heads? The seven heads are seven earthly kingdoms, six are in the past and the seventh (that of the anti-Christ) is coming during the Tribulation. The seven heads and ten horns are identical to the dragon in Revelation 12:3 (“And another sign appeared in heaven: behold, a great, fiery red dragon having seven heads and ten horns, and seven diadems on his heads”), and are also identical to the scarlet beast (the false prophet/“the beast out of the earth”) ridden by a woman in Revelation 17:3 (“So he carried me away in the Spirit into the wilderness. And I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet beast which was full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns”).

In Revelation 17:9-10, the seven heads are identified as seven mountains on which the woman sits. “⁹Here is the mind which has wisdom: The seven heads are seven mountains on which the woman sits. ¹⁰ There are also seven kings. Five have fallen, one is, and the other has not yet come. And when he comes, he must continue a short time.” Notice the angel said that the seven heads are seven mountains and in addition, there are also seven kings; therefore, the seven heads/mountains are related to but distinct and separate from the seven kings. In Revelation 12:3, the seven heads are also related to but distinct and separate from the seven diadems/crowns. It can be safely assumed that the heads/mountains are not literal mountains and are not individuals, but rather are seven kingdoms of the seven kings.

Revelation 17:10 says that five of the kings and their kingdoms had already fallen in John’s day. One king or kingdom was in existence in John’s day, and another had not come. Those five fallen kingdoms were enemies and oppressors of Israel: Egypt, Assyria, Babylon, Medes/Persia and Greece. The sixth “head” in existence in John’s day was Rome.  Revelation 17:10 says the seventh head (the revived Roman empire) will only remain a short time.

In Revelation 13:3, one of the heads appeared as though it had been mortally wounded. Many have said that the anti-Christ will appear to have been raised from the dead. However, a consistent reading of “heads” as “kingdoms” will show that the kingdom (one of the heads of the beast) of the anti-Christ will appear to be healed from its mortal wound. A word-for-word translation of the Greek is “as having been slain to death and the wound of its death was healed.” Read Revelation 13:3 along with Revelation 17:11 which says, “¹¹ And the beast that was, and is not, is himself also the eighth, and is of the seven, and is going to perdition.” In other words, out of the slain kingdom (“head”) will miraculously come an eighth king, the anti-Christ, who will be as bad as all of the seven previous enemies of Israel combined. Thus the “eighth” will not be a head at all, but the beast itself. He is the “little horn” that arises out of Daniel’s fourth beast with ten horns (Daniel 7:8).

What are the ten horns? The ten horns are ten national leaders in the Tribulation, led by the anti-Christ. They are the same as the ten crowns. In chapter 17, the seven kings (five of which had already fallen) are not the same as the ten horns (kings), which the angel says in 17:12 are “ten kings who have received no kingdom as yet, but they receive authority for one hour as kings with the beast.” In the same way, the seven crowns/diadems in Revelation 12:3 are different than the ten crowns in chapters 13:1 and 17:3. Only Satan, the dragon, is described with having the seven diadems/crowns.

In other words, John’s description of the anti-Christ is a culmination of Daniel’s four beasts all rolled up into one.  Recall what Daniel wrote in Daniel 7:

³ And four great beasts came up from the sea, each different from the other. ⁴ The first was like a lion (Babylon), and had eagle’s wings... ⁵ And suddenly another beast, a second, like a bear (Medo Persia)... ⁶ After this I looked, and there was another, like a leopard (Greece), which had on its back four wings of a bird. The beast also had four heads, and dominion was given to it. ⁷ After this I saw in the night visions, and behold, a fourth beast (Rome), dreadful and terrible, exceedingly strong. It had huge iron teeth; it was devouring, breaking in pieces, and trampling the residue with its feet. It was different from all the beasts that were before it, and it had ten horns.

The beast of Revelation is described as a combination of all four beasts or kingdoms of Daniel. This future beast will “like a leopard,” that is, having the form and organization of noble and cultural Greece (symbolized by Daniel as a leopard), the powerful and awful claws and feet of the Medes and Persia (bear), and the devouring mouth of Babylon (lion), and the power of Satan himself (Daniel’s powerful fourth beast). All of these are arch-enemies of Israel, and the anti-Christ will be worse than any enemy before.

What are the seven diadems in Revelation 12:3? The ten crowns mentioned in Revelation 13 and 17 are ten end-times leaders who follow the anti-Christ and the false prophet in the future. However, the seven diadems in chapter 12 are unique to the dragon.

During the lead up to the Tribulation and even during the first half, there will be world-wide kingdom power that oppresses Israel. The kingdom power will be comprised of ten kings or nations, which give their allegiance to the beast, the anti-Christ. But this man will then attempt to assume the place of Christ and of God and seek worship, the worship which ultimately go back to Satan, the dragon.

⁴ So they worshiped the dragon who gave authority to the beast; and they worshiped the beast, saying, “Who is like the beast? Who is able to make war with him?” ⁵ And he was given a mouth speaking great things and blasphemies, and he was given authority to continue for forty-two months.

The calamities described in the first nine chapters will give rise to a world leader, to whom the unbelievers will give utmost allegiance to and even ascribe worship to. The world may even be deceived to believe that the beast is truly Jesus Christ, and the dragon is truly Jehovah God. The beast will not contradict them and will continue to rise in power for 42 months, or the first three-and-a-half years. At that time, he will cease all sacrifices, go into the temple in Jerusalem, and declare himself to be God (2 Thess. 2:4).

⁶ Then he opened his mouth in blasphemy against God, to blaspheme His name, His tabernacle, and those who dwell in heaven. ⁷ It was granted to him to make war with the saints and to overcome them. And authority was given him over every tribe, tongue, and nation. ⁸ All who dwell on the earth will worship him, whose names have not been written in the Book of Life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world. ⁹ If anyone has an ear, let him hear. ¹⁰ He who leads into captivity shall go into captivity; he who kills with the sword must be killed with the sword. Here is the patience and the faith of the saints.

While the remnant of Israel was shown as the woman in Chapter 12 as to escape from the wrath of the dragon, many will be overcome or killed. Everyone who is not a believer in Christ will worship the anti-Christ. Verse 10 is an encouragement to those who are captured or killed, that they will be redeemed. Such an encouragement will produce patience and faith of the believers.

The Stars and Scars of Christmas

 The late Adrian Rogers, who pastored Bellevue Baptist Church in Memphis, Tennessee, preached a sermon entitled "The Stars and Scars of Christmas." The star points to way to the Child, and the scars point the way to heaven.

Desk of Pastor Adrian Rogers, 
housed at Southwestern Baptist
Theological Seminary, Fort Worth

"You picture the baby in the manger, and you see those little, dimpled feet. Those little, dimpled feet would someday be pierced with a searing, cruel nail. Those little, chubby hands would one day bear scars, so important that He carried them with Him to heaven as a souvenir of His visit to earth. The only man-made things in heaven are the scars of Jesus Christ, telling thw world that Jesus suffered, He sympathizes, and He saves." Bob Billups, publisher of GC2 Press, has graciously invited me to write again for the Bible Study material to come out in June of 2023. The first time was from my favorite book of the Bible, the Gospel of John, and this time on my favorite topic: heaven. By the way, you can save shipping and get today a DIGITAL version of "The Beauty of Restoration," an in-depth study based on the final chapters of the gospel of John, leading right up to the beginning of Lent, which begins February 22, 2023. OVERVIEW: "Was there a time you were committed to Christ and actively served the Lord with gladness? Was there a time you met the Lord each day for a quiet time of prayer and study? "But not now. "Have you wandered away in your walk with Jesus? Here’s the good news. Jesus will restore you if you meet Him at the Cross. That’s what happened to the Apostle John. He ran away. He deserted the Lord, but he met Jesus back at the cross. And Jesus restored John…and Jesus also restored Peter…and Jesus can restore you too. "Do you want to be restored? Like John, you may have known the Lord for a long time, but something caused you to slip away from the side of Jesus. It’s time for you to come back. The Bible says, 'Come near to God and He will come near to you.' (James 4:8 NIV) "Come to the cross. It is only there that you can witness how wide and long and high and deep is the love that Christ has for you. And when you meet Him there, the first thing Jesus says to you is, “I’m glad you are back. I’ve missed you. I want to restore you to a place where you lean on me. Now, I have a job for you. Take care of my people. Serve me again. I have a cross for you. Take it up and follow me” and discover The Beauty of Restoration $3.50 SKU: GC2001350-PDFSG

Revelation Chapter 11: The Two Witnessess and the 7th Trumpet

Chapter 11 is a retracing of the first half of the Tribulation. Before chapter 10, John was in heaven, but now on earth. This indicates that John’s vision in chapters 10-15 is a review of things which he had not seen in his vision so far from different perspectives. 

The perspectives are: chapters 4-9, and 16, heavenly; 10-11, humanly; 12, spiritually; 13, satanically; 14-15, redemptively; 17, religiously and governmentally; 18, economically; 19-22, triumphantly. 

John’s measurement of the temple on earth is at the beginning of the seven-year tribulation. Also, the ministry of the two witnesses is during seal and first six trumpet judgments, overlapping chapters 6, 7, 8 and 9.  The two witnesses have been commonly identified as Elijah and either Moses or Enoch and will bring judgments and plagues. The beast (anti-Christ) will kill them, but 3 ½ days later, they will be resurrected and taken to heaven. 

Chapter 11 also ushers in the seventh trumpet, which is also the third woe, which inaugurates the final three-and-a-half years of the Tribulation, also called the “Great Tribulation.”

 

¹ Then I was given a reed like a measuring rod. And the angel stood, saying, “Rise and measure the temple of God, the altar, and those who worship there. ² But leave out the court which is outside the temple, and do not measure it, for it has been given to the Gentiles. And they will tread the holy city underfoot for forty-two months.

 

Measuring the Temple - John is told, as Ezekiel was in Ezekiel 40-42, to measure the temple of God, and also the altar and the worshippers in it. Measuring the property, like surveys on properties today, is a prerequisite of ownership. Ezekiel, in a vision of the future, measured the “millennial” temple; that is, the temple which will be used during the “thousand year” reign of Christ on earth after the Tribulation. John, however, measured the temple to be built prior to the seven-year Tribulation. The measuring of this temple by John shows that it will be approved by God for the first 42 months. Later, in chapter 21, a golden reed is used to measure the New Jerusalem. What a joy it must have been for John to see the temple rebuilt in Jerusalem, more than 25 years after it had been destroyed in 70 A.D.

Four “Three-and-a-half Year” References

“42 months”-¹⁾ the time given to the Gentiles to tread the holy city underfoot (Rev. 11:2) is presumably the first half of the Tribulation, since the temple itself will not be defiled, nor will the sacrifices be impeded, and since it is linked to the 1260 days in verse 3. ²⁾ The time authority is given to beast who speaks blasphemies against God, His name, His tabernacle, and those who dwell in heaven (Rev. 13:5), presumably the last half of the Tribulation.

“1260 days”-¹⁾ the time given to the witnesses to have power (Rev. 11:3), presumably the first half of the Tribulation. ²⁾ The time given to the woman to be fed in the wilderness (Rev. 12:6), presumably the last half of the Tribulation.

 

³And I will give power to my two witnesses, and they will prophesy one thousand two hundred and sixty days, clothed in sackcloth.” ⁴These are the two olive trees and the two lampstands standing before the God of the earth. ⁵ And if anyone wants to harm them, fire proceeds from their mouth and devours their enemies. And if anyone wants to harm them, he must be killed in this manner. ⁶ These have power to shut heaven, so that no rain falls in the days of their prophecy; and they have power over waters to turn them to blood, and to strike the earth with all plagues, as often as they desire. ⁷ When they finish their testimony, the beast that ascends out of the bottomless pit will make war against them, overcome them, and kill them. ⁸ And their dead bodies will lie in the street of the great city which spiritually is called Sodom and Egypt, where also our Lord was crucified. ⁹ Then those from the peoples, tribes, tongues, and nations will see their dead bodies three-and-a-half days, and not allow their dead bodies to be put into graves. ¹⁰ And those who dwell on the earth will rejoice over them, make merry, and send gifts to one another, because these two prophets tormented those who dwell on the earth. ¹¹ Now after the three-and-a-half days the breath of life from God entered them, and they stood on their feet, and great fear fell on those who saw them. ¹² And they heard a loud voice from heaven saying to them, “Come up here.” And they ascended to heaven in a cloud, and their enemies saw them. ¹³In the same hour there was a great earthquake and a tenth of the city fell. In the earthquake seven thousand people were killed, and the rest were afraid and gave glory to the God of heaven.

 

The olive tree and lampstand imagery were used in Zechariah 4 in affirming the building of the temple; the lampstand represented the eyes (i.e., presence) of the Lord, and the olive trees represented those anointed by God. When the temple was restored in Zerubbabel’s day, the people knew that the Lord of hosts had done it (Zechariah 4:9). It was “not by might, nor by power, but by My Spirit, says the Lord of hosts” (Zechariah 4:6b). The two witnesses will also have God’s power and anointing and will emerge with the emergence of the temple in Jerusalem.

Why Elijah? The Apostle John does not actually get to see the two witnesses, but rather the angel tells him about them. Why are they thought to be Elijah and Moses or possibly Elijah and Enoch? Elijah is easily explained, since Malachi 4:5 says that Elijah will come before the “great and dreadful day of the Lord.” Jesus also affirmed that “indeed, Elijah is coming first and will restore all things” (Matthew 17:11, Mark 9:12). Just as Jesus had two advents or comings, so also does Elijah precede Christ in both of His appearances.

Why Moses? Just as Elijah prayed for there to be no rain for 3 ½ years and brought down fire to destroy enemies of God, Moses also brought down plagues and turned water into blood. He also appeared with Elijah on the mount of Transfiguration. Moses was linked with Elijah as was the phrase, “the Law and the Prophets.” However arguments against Moses state that it is God who causes the plagues, and not a person and He could easily use anyone, including Enoch, to be a witness.

Why Enoch? Those who doubt Moses would be one of the two witnesses often cite Hebrews 9:27, “as it is appointed for men to die once…” with the emphasis that Moses could not die twice and his death is already recorded.  However, it appears that Lazarus died twice. But also a more compelling of reason in favor of Enoch is that Enoch never died but was translated directly to heaven (Genesis 5:24, Hebrews 11:5). Enoch was also a prominent figure in end-times prophecy in writings not ascribed to the canonical Bible (see Jude 14). At any rate, John the Apostle does not tell us, and likely even he did not know, who these two witnesses would be, so neither can we know for certainty.

Who is the beast? Earlier we saw the “angel of the bottomless pit” ascend up out of the abyss. He is Apollyon and Abaddon, the Destroyer, and undoubtedly Satan. In Revelation 12:3, we see the dragon, who is clearly identified as Satan in Rev. 20:2, as having seven heads and ten horns. Later, in Chapter 13, we will see a second beast arise out of the sea, also with seven heads and ten horns who will make war with the saints (13:7). Like Christ, he will have been mortally wounded, but yet alive. In Revelation 13:11, we see a third beast “coming up out of the earth.” In these three beasts, we see the “unholy trinity.” 

Unholy Trinity	Holy Trinity
First Beast of the abyss Dragon/Satan/devil/serpent of old	Father /     Ancient of Days
Second Beast of the sea AntiChrist/lawless one	The Son / Jesus Christ
Third Beast of the earth False Prophet	The Holy Spirit Seven Spirits (Revelation 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6)

 So, who is this beast in Rev. 11 that makes war with the two witnesses and kills them? It is Satan, working through and giving power to a human being “with all power, signs, and lying wonders” (2 Thessalonians 2:9) whom we identify as the anti-Christ. Just as Jesus was God incarnate or God in the flesh, this “man of sin” will literally be Satan incarnate or a man possessed by the devil himself. So, when the second beast or the anti-Christ is worshipped, so also is the dragon worshipped.

Daniel foresaw the beast in Revelation 11:7 as “the prince who is to come” would make a covenant with many for one prophetic “week” or seven years, but in the middle of the week, he would bring an end to daily sacrifice and offerings in the temple (Daniel 9:27). The phrase “make war against them” is also reminiscent of Daniel 7:21 “I beheld, and the same horn made war with the saints, and prevailed against them.” Paul foresaw that at this point that “the man of sin” would be revealed as “the son of perdition,” and exalt himself in the temple as God (2 Thessalonians 2:3-4).

Why is Jerusalem called spiritually “Sodom and Egypt”? Notice that Jerusalem becomes a seat of spiritual wickedness during the Tribulation. Jerusalem was called the “holy city” in verse 2, but is trampled on by the Gentiles for 42 months and spiritually becomes as wicked as Sodom and Egypt. John identifies it for certain as Jerusalem when he says that it is where our Lord was crucified.

 

¹⁴ The second woe is past. Behold, the third woe is coming quickly. ¹⁵ Then the seventh angel sounded: and there were loud voices in heaven, saying, “The kingdoms of this world have become the kingdoms of our Lord and of His Christ, and He shall reign forever and ever!” ¹⁶ And the twenty-four elders who sat before God on their thrones fell on their faces and worshiped God, ¹⁷ saying: “We give You thanks, O Lord God Almighty, the One who is and who was and who is to come, because You have taken Your great power and reigned. ¹⁸The nations were angry, and Your wrath has come, and the time of the dead, that they should be judged, and that You should reward Your servants the prophets and the saints, and those who fear Your name, small and great, and should destroy those who destroy the earth.” ¹⁹ Then the temple of God was opened in heaven, and the ark of His covenant was seen in His temple. And there were lightnings, noises, thunderings, an earthquake, and great hail.

 

The third woe is about to come.  When the two witnesses ascended up to heaven, John also returns to heaven for a different perspective of his vision. In the Greek, the word order in verse 19 is “was opened the temple of God in heaven,” and stipulates clearly that John was not describing the earthly temple and the ark which he saw was not the earthly ark of the covenant, but rather the heavenly ark of His covenant.

In verse 19, for the second of three times, John records lightnings, noises (or voices, KJV), thunderings, an earthquake, and hail which increasingly intensify (see also Revelation 8:5-7 at the conclusion of the seven seals, here at the conclusion of the seven trumpets, and again in 16:18-21, at the conclusion of the seven vial judgments).